A Collision Avoidance Based Energy Efficient Medium Access Control Protocol for Clustered Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Authors

K. R. Narasimha Murthy
M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
Govind R Kadambi
M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52549/ijeei.v10i1.3633
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Published: 31-03-2022 • Issue: Vol. 10 No. 1: March 2022 • Section: Regular paper

Abstract

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are typically deployed in energy constrained environments where recharging energy sources and replacing batteries are not viable. This makes energy efficiency in UWSNs a crucial directive to be followed during Medium Access Control (MAC) design. Multiplexing and scheduling based protocols are not ideal for UWSNs because of their strict synchronization requirements, longer latencies and constrained bandwidth.

This paper presents the development and simulation analysis of a novel cross-layer communication based MAC protocol called Energy Efficient Collision Avoidance (EECA) MAC protocol. EECA-MAC protocol works on the principle of adaptive power control, controlling the transmission power based on the signal strength at the receiver. EECA-MAC enhances the conventional 4-way handshake to reduce carrier sensing by implementing an enhanced Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) handshake and an improved back-off algorithm.

Simulation analysis shows that the measures taken to achieve energy efficiency have a direct effect on the number of packet retransmissions. Compared to the Medium Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA) protocol, EECA-MAC shows a 40% reduction in the number of packets that are delivered after retransmissions. This reduction, coupled with the reduced signal interference, results in a 16% drop in the energy utilized by the nodes for data transmission.

Keywords: Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN); Transmission power control; Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol; Energy efficiency; Collision avoidance; DESERT simulator

Author Biographies

K. R. Narasimha Murthy
K. R. Narasimha Murthy is a Ph.D. research scholar and Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences. He received his Masters’ Degree in Embedded System Design from Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland. His current research is in the domain of underwater wireless sensor networks and he also has research interests in computer networks, embedded networking and wireless sensor networks.
Govind R Kadambi

Govind R. Kadambi received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Mysore University, Karnataka, India, in 1978 and M.S. degree in antenna from IIT, Madras in 1983. He received Ph.D. degree in Antennas from IIT, Madras in 1993. From 1979 to 1989, he was in IIT, Kharagpur and IIT, Madras. Between1989 to 1994, he was with the Aeronautical Development Agency, Bangalore. During 1994-2006, he was with SG Microwaves, Kitchener Canada; Centurion Wireless Technologies, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA and Interdigital Communication, Melbourne, Florida, USA. Since 2006, he has been with M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies/M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore. Presently, he is a Pro-Vice Chancellor.  He has been granted 24 US Patents and 17 other International Patents from China, Korea, Japan, Germany and Europe. He has filed 17 Indian patent applications. Prof. Kadambi has more than 100 research publications in International Journals and Conferences. His research interests include Antenna-analysis, Antenna measurement techniques, Numerical analysis and simulation studies, Digital beamforming and imaging techniques, and Smart antennas.

How to Cite

[1]
K. R. N. Murthy and G. R. Kadambi, “A Collision Avoidance Based Energy Efficient Medium Access Control Protocol for Clustered Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks”, IJEEI, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 199–218, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.52549/ijeei.v10i1.3633.