Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control to Mitigate Power Quality Issues using Dynamic Voltage Restorer in Distribution Network

Authors

Muhammad Haroon Yaqub
University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Aamir Hanif
University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Naveed Anwar
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, KSA.
Mian Farhan Ullah
School Leader, Elementary & Secondary Education, KPK, Pakistan
Muhammad Shahzaib Shah
Department of Electrical Engineering, UET, Taxila, Pakistan
Aziza I. Hussein
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Effat University Jeddah, KSA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52549/ijeei.v13i2.6031
Download PDF
Published: 25-04-2025 • Issue: Vol. 13 No. 2: June 2025 • Section: Regular paper

Abstract

Power quality (PQ) issues lead industrial customers to suffer significant financial losses. These PQ issues are garnering more attention from electricity suppliers and consumers in the modern day. This study addresses prevalent PQ issues, namely voltage sag and swell, stemming from a decrease in RMS voltage within electrical networks, particularly impacting sensitive loads. The solution proposed involves employing a series connected custom power device (CPD) named as dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) with an integrated DC battery for energy storage, to consistently maintain the requisite voltage magnitude. To effectively combat voltage sag and swell, the study introduces a novel control strategy known as fractional order sliding mode control (FOSMC). Noteworthy features of the FOSMC methodology include its capacity to autonomously and dynamically address sag and swell issues. The Simscape toolbox of MATLAB®/Simulink® is used to perform simulations to showcase the efficacy of the FOSMC technique. The results demonstrate that this strategy ensures total harmonic distortion remains below 5% and achieves sag/swell mitigation in less than 2 milliseconds, aligning with SEMI-F-47 and IEEE voltage standard 1159-2019. In summary, the study introduces and validates a robust control strategy implemented in a DVR system to autonomously alleviate voltage sag and swell issues, with simulation results supporting its effectiveness in upholding PQ standards. The FOSMC scheme with DVR is also compared with FOSMC scheme with DSTATCOM as well as with super twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) algorithm and classical sliding mode controller (SMC) to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The FOSMC technique with DVR is more effective in restoring voltage sag/swell and PQ issues.
Keywords: Power Quality Enhancement; Sliding Mode Control (SMC); Fractional Order SMC; Dynamic Voltage Restorer; Voltage Sag/Swell

References

S. Choudhury and G. K. Sahoo, "A critical analysis of different power quality improvement techniques in microgrid," e-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, p. 100520, 2024.

S. Kumar, S. Ali, and P. Sharma, "Modeling and analysis of power quality improvement strategies using improved dynamic voltage restorer," in 2024 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT), 2024, pp. 181–190.

D. Divan, "Improving power line utilization and performance with D-FACTS devices," IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, pp. 2419–2424, 2005.

N. Abas, S. Dilshad, A. Khalid, M. S. Saleem, and N. Khan, "Power quality improvement using dynamic voltage restorer," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 164325–164339, 2020.

B. Kushwah and S. Gupta, "Enhancing Power Quality in Distribution System with DVR, D-SATCOM and UPQC Approaches," in 2024 International Conference on Computer, Electronics, Electrical Engineering & their Applications (IC2E3), 2024, pp. 1–9, IEEE.

A. K. Abdelaal, A. M. Shaheen, A. A. El-Fergany, and M. H. Alqahtani, "Sliding mode control based dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag compensation," Results in Engineering, vol. 24, p. 102936, 2024.

R. Nasrollahi, H. F. Farahani, M. Asadi, and M. Farahadi-Kangarlu, "Sliding mode control of a dynamic voltage restorer based on PWM AC chopper in three-phase three-wire systems," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 134, pp. 107480, 2022.

N. Prakash, J. Jacob, and V. Reshmi, "Comparison of DVR performance with Sinusoidal and Space Vector PWM techniques," in 2014 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas: Magnetics, Machines and Drives, pp. 1–6, 2014.

S. T. Zahra, R. U. Khan, M. F. Ullah, B. Begum, and N. Anwar, "Simulation-based analysis of dynamic voltage restorer with sliding mode controller at optimal voltage for power quality enhancement in distribution system," Electromechanics, no. 01, pp. 64–69, 2022.

M. S. Shah, T. Mahmood, M. F. Ullah, M. Q. Manan, and A. U. Rehman, "Power quality improvement using dynamic voltage restorer with real twisting sliding mode control," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 8300–8305, 2022.

F. U. Mian and H. Amir, "Power quality improvement in distribution system using distribution static compensator with super twisting sliding mode control," International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems - Wiley Online Library, 2023.

I. A. Laghari, G. S. Kaloi, Z. Sohoo, and S. Khatoon, "Robust voltage sag compensation using a matrix converter DVR and sliding mode control technique," Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 114–120, 2024.

A. K. Abdelaal, A. M. Shaheen, A. A. El-Fergany, and M. H. Alqahtani, "Sliding mode control based dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag compensation," Results in Engineering, vol. 24, p. 102936, 2024.

M. S. Shah, M. F. Ullah, D. Nouman, M. A. Khan, T. Khan, and M. Waseem, "A review on the state of the art of dynamic voltage restorer: topologies, operational modes, compensation methods, and control algorithms," Engineering Research Express, 2024.

K. R. Sreejyothi, P. V. Kumar, and J. Jayakumar, "Fractional order sliding mode control for power quality improvement in the distribution system," International Journal of Applied, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 408–414, 2024.

T. Ahmed, A. Waqar, R. M. Elavarasan, J. Imtiaz, and M. Premkumar, "Analysis of fractional order sliding mode control in a D-STATCOM integrated power distribution system," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 70337–70352, 2021.

N. Sowmyashree, K. Hruhsikesh, K. T. Veeramanju, and M. S. Shashikala, "Review of voltage sag/swell mitigation techniques with dynamic voltage grid integrated distribution," 2022.

IEEE Std. 1159-2019, "Recommended practice for monitoring electric power quality," USA, 2019.

IEC 61000-2-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), environment-section I: Description of environment - Electromagnetic environment for low frequency conducted disturbances and signaling in public power supply systems, 2018.

W. S. Hassanein, M. M. Ahmed, M. Osama, M. G. Ashmawy, and M. I. Mosaad, "Performance improvement of off-grid hybrid renewable energy system using dynamic voltage restorer," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1567–1581, 2020.

M. Xia and M. Yanhui, "Integral sliding mode control strategy of D-STATCOM for unbalanced load compensation under various disturbances," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013.

P. Kumar, S. R. Arya, K. D. Mistry, and P. Ray, "Performance of DVR using diffusion norm penalized LMS fourth adaption algorithm with optimized FOPID gains," IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 2024.

R. Pradhan and M. Kumari, "Power quality improvement in photovoltaic microgrid system using FOPID controller-based DVR," in 2021 International Conference in Advances in Power, Signal, and Information Technology (APSIT), 2021, pp. 1–6.

R. D. Kordkandi, M. T. Hagh, S. Roozbehani, M. Feyzi, N. Bayati, and T. Ebel, "Reactive power control of micro-grids using FOSMC for grid code compliance during asymmetrical voltage sags," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 229, p. 110056, 2024.

X. Yang, W. Chen, C. Yin, and Q. Cheng, "Fractional-order sliding-mode control and radial basis function neural network adaptive damping passivity-based control with application to modular multilevel converters," Energies, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 580, 2024.

T. Ahmed, A. Waqar, R. M. Elavarasan, J. Imtiaz, M. Premkumar, and U. Subramaniam, "Analysis of fractional order sliding mode control in a D-STATCOM integrated power distribution system," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 70337–70352, 2021.

S. Biricik, H. Komurcugil, H. Ahmed, and E. Babaei, "Super twisting sliding-mode control of DVR with frequency-adaptive brockett oscillator," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 11, pp. 10730–10739, 2020.

A. K. Abdelaal, A. M. Shaheen, A. A. El-Fergany, and M. H. Alqahtani, "Sliding mode control based dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag compensation," Results in Engineering, vol. 24, p. 102936, 2024.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Haroon Yaqub

Muhammad Haroon Yaqub hods a MS in Electrical Engineering and is a researcher specializing in Power Flow Control, Voltage Regulation, and Power Quality. He has contributed to several studies focused on power quality improvements. His research interests include dynamic voltage restoration, sliding mode control strategies, and renewable energy integration.


Aamir Hanif
Prof. Aamir Hanif is a distinguished academic in the field of Electrical Engineering with a focus on power systems. He holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering (Power) from UET Taxila, Pakistan, completed in 2009. His research interests include power flow and voltage control, power system modeling, and enhancing power quality using CPDs, FACTs, and DGs. He is currently serving as a Professor and Director of Academics, Advanced Studies, and Research at the University of Wah. Previously, he held various faculty positions at UET Taxila and Wah Engineering College. Dr. Aamir has authored several publications and is actively involved in research, contributing significantly to advancements in his field.
Naveed Anwar

Engr. Naveed Anwar is an Electrical Engineer with a Master’s degree from the University of Wah, Pakistan, specializing in power system reliability, optimization, and quality enhancement. Currently a Lab Engineer at Effat University in Jeddah, he has substantial experience in developing advanced optimization algorithms to improve power quality and stability, having previously served as a Lecturer at the University of Wah. With several publications to his name, Engr. Anwar’s research focuses on PID tuning, voltage stability, smart grid management, and techniques to enhance power systems under varying operational demands.

Mian Farhan Ullah
Mian Farhan Ullah received his Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Wah in 2020. He is currently serving as a School Leader in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Elementary and Secondary Education Department. His primary area of research is power quality improvement in electrical power systems. He has a keen interest in exploring advanced techniques for enhancing system reliability, stability, and efficiency.
Muhammad Shahzaib Shah
Muhammad Shahzaib Shah is a researcher and Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Pakistan. Specializing in power system quality, he is dedicated to improving the reliability and efficiency of power systems. Shahzaib is currently pursuing his Ph.D. at UET Taxila, where his research focuses on the optimization and enhancement of power quality in electrical networks. His work contributes to the advancement of power system stability and the integration of renewable energy sources into existing grids.
Aziza I. Hussein
Aziza I. Hussein received her Ph.D. degree in Electrical & Computer Engineering from Kansas State University, USA, in 2001 and her M.Sc. and B.Sc. degrees from Assiut University, Egypt, in 1989 and 1983, respectively.She joined Effat University in Saudi Arabia in 2004 and established the first Electrical and Computer Engineering program for women in the country and taught related courses. She was the head of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Effat University from 2007-2010. She was the head of the Computer and Systems Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt, from 2011-2016. She was a professor and chair of the Electrical & Computer Engineering Department and director of the Master of Energy program at Effat University Saudi Arabia from 2016-2021. Currently, she is a professor and researcher at the same department.Her research interests include microelectronics, analog/digital VLSI system design, RF circuit design, high-speed analog-to-digital converters design, and wireless communications systems design.

How to Cite

[1]
M. H. Yaqub, A. Hanif, N. Anwar, M. F. Ullah, M. S. Shah, and A. I. Hussein, “Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control to Mitigate Power Quality Issues using Dynamic Voltage Restorer in Distribution Network”, IJEEI, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 324–335, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.52549/ijeei.v13i2.6031.