Optimizing Energy Management in Hybrid Systems: A Case Study on PV, Battery, and Hydrogen Electrolysis

Authors

Rawan A Rada
College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Naveed Anwar
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, KSA.
Aziza I. Hussein
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, KSA.
Rabab Hamed M. Aly
Higher Institute for Management and Information Tech, Minya, Computer Science Dept, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52549/ijeei.v13i4.7173
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Published: 03-12-2025 • Issue: Vol. 13 No. 4: December 2025 • Section: Regular paper

Abstract

Energy-intensive facilities face significant challenges in managing energy costs while ensuring reliable power for critical operations. This paper explores the integration of renewable energy and hydrogen technologies in a hybrid system, aimed at reducing grid dependency, minimizing energy costs, and contributing to environmental sustainability. A hybrid energy system comprising solar photovoltaic (PV) generation, battery storage, hydrogen production via electrolysis, and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell was developed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The system was controlled by an intelligent energy management system (EMS) based on fuzzy logic, which dynamically prioritized energy sources to ensure operational autonomy. A hospital in Jeddah is used as a case study to demonstrate the application of this hybrid system. Simulation results showed that the hybrid system could generate up to 3,017,359 kWh annually, reducing the cost of energy (COE) from $0.19/kWh to $0.11/kWh. The system alleviated grid load by 3,000,000 kWh/year and reduced COâ‚‚ emissions by 1.5 million kg annually. The PV array demonstrated a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency of 93.6%, and the PEM fuel cell achieved an efficiency of 65%. The fuzzy logic EMS effectively optimized energy flow, ensuring reliable power supply without frequent reliance on grid power. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid renewable energy systems for enhancing energy resilience and sustainability in energy-intensive facilities.
Keywords: Energy Management; Hybrid Systems; Hydrogen Electrolysis; Fuzzy Logic Control; Photovoltic System; Hydrogen Production

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Author Biographies

Naveed Anwar
Engr. Naveed Anwar is an Electrical Engineer with a Master’s degree from the University of Wah, Pakistan, specializing in power system optimization, Power quality enhancement and Grid management. Currently a Lab Engineer at Effat University in Jeddah, he has substantial experience in developing advanced optimization algorithms to improve power quality, having previously served as a Lecturer at the University of Wah. With several publications to his name, Engr. Anwar’s research focuses on PID tuning, voltage stability, smart grid management, and techniques to enhance power systems under varying operational demands.

How to Cite

[1]
R. A. Rada, N. Anwar, A. I. Hussein, and R. H. M. Aly, “Optimizing Energy Management in Hybrid Systems: A Case Study on PV, Battery, and Hydrogen Electrolysis”, IJEEI, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 936–951, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.52549/ijeei.v13i4.7173.