Design and Realization of 2.4 GHz Bowtie Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

Fatehi ALtalqi, Ulfa Elisa, Adil Echchelh

Abstract


In this research, a microstrip antenna with a bowtie hole was constructed. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated to operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Arc antennas are a popular choice due to their flat structure, lightweight design, wide bandwidth, and high gain characteristics for GPR applications. The antenna was designed as a microstrip antenna in the size of 58 mm x 69 mm. using an FR4 duplex printed circuit board with a material thickness of 1.6 mm, a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a transverse dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. The design and simulation were performed using CST Studio Suite programming. The results of the simulation and measurements antenna were tested for resonant frequency, return loss, VSWR, bandwidth, impedance, and polarization, and the simulation results were compared. The measurements carried out with a Vector Network Analyzer, showed a return loss of -18, a VSWR of 1.29, a bandwidth of 100 MHz, an impedance of 47ohms, and a high gain of 18 dB at 2.42 GHz. Both the simulation and measurement results demonstrated good agreement, with frequency bands of interest that were very close and stable with high-gain omnidirectional radiation characteristics. Thus, the antenna is well-suited to meet the requirements of GPR applications.

Keywords


Design ; Antenna; CST ; Gain ; GPR; Bandwidth ;Bow-tie

References


C. W. Chang, C. H. Lin, and Q.-W. Yuan, “Quantitative study of electromagnetic wave characteristic values for mortar’s crack,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 175, pp. 351–359, 2018.

C. A. Balanis, “" Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, &quot.” John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1982.

K. Zajícová and T. Chuman, “Application of ground penetrating radar methods in soil studies: A review,” Geoderma, vol. 343, pp. 116–129, 2019.

A. Benedetto, F. Tosti, L. B. Ciampoli, and F. D’Amico, “GPR applications across engineering and geosciences disciplines in Italy: A review,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens., vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 2952–2965, 2016.

C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory: analysis and design. John wiley & sons, 2016.

G. Alsharahi et al., “Analysis and modeling of GPR signals to detect cavities: case studies in morocco,” J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 177–187, 2019.

G. Alsharahi, A. Driouach, and A. Faize, “Performance of GPR influenced by electrical conductivity and dielectric constant,” Procedia Technol., vol. 22, pp. 570–575, 2016.

J. Van der Kruk, N. Diamanti, A. Giannopoulos, and H. Vereecken, “Inversion of dispersive GPR pulse propagation in waveguides with heterogeneities and rough and dipping interfaces,” J. Appl. Geophys., vol. 81, pp. 88–96, 2012.

H. M. Jol, Ground penetrating radar theory and applications. elsevier, 2008.

C. Sibo, L. Jun, W. Tianhao, and Z. Yang, “Design of a drop-shaped ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar antenna,” in 2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI), IEEE, 2019, pp. 145–149.

A. Raza, W. Lin, Y. Chen, Z. Yanting, H. T. Chattha, and A. B. Sharif, “Wideband tapered slot antenna for applications in ground penetrating radar,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 2562–2568, 2020.

G. Grazzini et al., “An ultra-wideband high-dynamic range GPR for detecting buried people after collapse of buildings,” in Proceedings of the XIII Internarional Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, IEEE, 2010, pp. 1–6.

M. Roslee, K. S. Subari, and I. S. Shahdan, “Design of bow tie antenna in CST studio suite below 2GHz for ground penetrating radar applications,” in 2011 IEEE International RF & Microwave Conference, IEEE, 2011, pp. 430–433.

N. Chakrabarti, S. Kalra, S. Saxena, and M. R. Tripathy, “Ultra-wideband antenna for a ground penetrating radar,” in 2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–6.

J. Colaco and J. Cotta, “Design, fabrication and performance analysis of floodlight shaped microstrip antenna for Wi-Fi/IoT applications,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1462–1469, 2022.

O. Alali, A. Badawieh, and M. Alhariri, “Bandwidth Improvement of Bowtie Antenna for GPR Applications Using Antipodal Technique, Corner Bending, and Triangular Slot Modifications,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. M, vol. 106, 2021.

H. Cheng, H. Yang, Y. Li, and Y. Chen, “A compact vivaldi antenna with artificial material lens and sidelobe suppressor for GPR applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 64056–64063, 2020.

M. Moulay and M. Abri, “Bowtie Antennas Design for Bluetooth/Wimax/Wifi Applications,” Int. J. Microw. Opt. Technol., vol. 9, no. 4, 2014.

A. S. Mekki, S. M. Yousif, and M. M. J. Abed, “Testing of chlorine dosage in drinking water using microstrip patch sensor,” ℡KOMNIKA Telecommun. Comput. Electron. Control, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 528–534, 2023.

H. Cheng, H. Yang, Y. Li, and Y. Chen, “A compact vivaldi antenna with artificial material lens and sidelobe suppressor for GPR applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 64056–64063, 2020.

S. Liu, M. Li, H. Li, L. Yang, and X. Shi, “Cavity-backed bow-tie antenna with dielectric loading for ground-penetrating radar application,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 153–157, 2020.

N. Barkataki, B. Tiru, and U. Sarma, “Performance investigation of patch and bow-tie antennas for ground penetrating radar applications,” Int. J. Adv. Technol. Eng. Explor., vol. 8, no. 79, pp. 753–765, 2021.

M. Roslee, K. S. Subari, and I. S. Shahdan, “Design of bow tie antenna in CST studio suite below 2GHz for ground penetrating radar applications,” in 2011 IEEE International RF & Microwave Conference, IEEE, 2011, pp. 430–433.

D. J. Daniels, “Surface-penetrating radar,” Electron. Commun. Eng. J., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 165–182, 1996.

M. S. Rana, B. K. Sen, M. Tanjil-Al Mamun, M. S. Mahmud, and M. M. Rahman, “A 2.45 GHz microstrip patch antenna design, simulation, and analysis for wireless applications,” Bull. Electr. Eng. Inform., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 2173–2184, 2023.

O. Ismail, L. Youssef, O. Otman, and A. Aghanim, “Design of a Circular Patch Antenna with a reflector for GPR applications,” in ITM Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2022, p. 01004.

M. Z. Rahman, M. Mynuddin, and K. C. Debnath, “The significance of notch width on the performance parameters of inset feed rectangular microstrip patch antenna,” Int. J. Electromagn. Appl., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 7–18, 2020.

M. S. Rana, S. I. Islam, S. Al Mamun, L. K. Mondal, M. T. Ahmed, and M. M. Rahman, “An S-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Design and Simulation for Wireless Communication Systems,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Inform. IJEEI, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 945–954, 2022.

S. Chatterjee, A. Bhattacharya, and S. Duggal, “Methodology for utilization of a generalised antenna in gprMax simulator,” in Multimodal Sensing: Technologies and Applications, SPIE, 2019, pp. 162–172.

H. N. Awl et al., “Bandwidth improvement in bow-tie microstrip antennas: The effect of substrate type and design dimensions,” Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 504, 2020.

R. H. Abd and H. A. Abdulnabi, “Reconfigurable graphene-based multi-input multi-output antenna design for THz applications,” Bull. Electr. Eng. Inform., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 2193–2202, 2023.

A. S. Rachman, L. O. Nur, and H. H. Ryanu, “Perancangan dan Realisasi Antena Planar Bowtie untuk Aplikasi GPR,” EProceedings Eng., vol. 9, no. 6, 2023.

Y. Li and J. Chen, “Design of miniaturized high gain bow-tie antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 738–743, 2021.

N. Barkataki, P. Borah, U. Sarma, and B. Tiru, “Design of a 400 MHz cavity backed CPW fed bow-tie antenna for GPR applications,” in 2021 International Conference on Industrial Electronics Research and Applications (ICIERA), IEEE, 2021, pp. 1–6.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
ISSN 2089-3272

Creative Commons Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

web analytics
View IJEEI Stats

Error. Page cannot be displayed. Please contact your service provider for more details. (6)